ASME Y14.8-2009 pdf free download.Castings, Forgings, and Molded Parts.
ASME Y14.8 covers definitions of terms and features unique to casting, forging, and molded part technologies with recommendations for their uniform specification on engineering drawings and related documents. Unless otherwise specified, any reference to features, parts, or processes shall be interpreted as applying to castings, forgings, and molded parts. Castings, forgings, and molded parts are delineated as “parts” throughout the Standard.
1.2 UNITS
The International System of Units (SI) is used in this Standard because SI units are expected to supersede United States (U.S.) Customary units. Customary units could equally well be used without effect to the principles established.
1.3 REFERENCE TO THIS STANDARD
Where drawings are based on this Standard, this fact shall be noted on the drawings or in a document referenced on the drawings. References to this Standard shall state “PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITh ASME Y14.8-2009.”
1.4 FIGURES
The figures in this Standard are intended as illustrations to aid the user in understanding the principles and methods of drawing described in the text. The absence of a figure illustrating the desired application is neither reason to assume inapplicability nor basis for drawing rejection. In some instances, figures show added detail for emphasis; in other instances, figures are incomplete by intent. Numerical values of dimensions and tolerances arc illustrative only.
1.8.7 Fillet Radius
fillet radius: the concave radius on the surface of a part connecting two surfaces (see Fig. 1-1). Fillet radii are intended to minimize stress concentrations, aid in proper fill, and minimize cosmetic defects.
1.8.8 Flash
flash: excess material that results from leakage between mating surfaces of a mold or die (see Fig. 3-10).
1.8.9 Flash Extension
flash extension: allowable flash remnant (see Fig. 3-10).
1.8.10 Flatness
flatness: a condition of a surface having all elements in one plane. See ASME Y14.5M.
1.8.11 Forging
forging: a part created by plastically deforming metal. Also, the process by which metal is plastically deformed to a desired shape.
1.8.12 Forging Plane
forging plane: a plane perpendicular to the forging direction. It normally coincides with the principal mating faces of a set of dies. See Fig. 3-3.
1.8.13 Gate
gate: a channel in a mold through which molten material flows into the mold cavity.
1.8.14 Grain Direction
grain direction: the predominant orientation of the fibrous crystalline structural units of wrought metals (see Fig. 3-21).
1.8.15 Grain Flow (Flow Lines)
grain flow (flow lines): the directional elongation in the grain structure of the material, and its nonhomogeneous constituents, resulting from the forging process. Grain flow follows the direction of working during forging and is usually revealed by polishing and etching sections of the forging. See para. 3.16.
1.8.16 Match Draft
mat cli draft: additional draft allowance permitted on matching surfaces at parting lines when the normal draft allowance would result in an offset of the surfaces at the parting line (see Fig. 3-13).
1.8.24 Riser
riser: material connected to the casting that provides additional material to the casting during solidification.
1.8.25 Riser Stub
riser stub: the allowable remaining riser.
1.8.26 Scale Pit
scale pit: a surface depression formed on a forging during the forging operation, due to scale remaining in the dies from previous forgings.
1.8.27 Sink
sink: a shallow depression in the surface of a cast or molded part, due to internal shrinkage in region of greater, or excessive, thickness.
1.8.28 Straightness
straiçhtness: a condition where an element of a surface or an axis is a straight line (ASME Y14.5M).
1.8.29 Vent Marks
vent marks: small protrusions on the surface of a part caused by material entering the vents (air escape passages) in the mold or die.
1.8.30 Wall
wall: a solid feature at any physical orientation composed of opposing surfaces having a nominally uniform thickness (see Fig. 3-24).
1.8.31 WaLl Thickness
wall thickness: the actual local size between all sets of opposing points on the surfaces of a wall (see Fig. 3-24).